MBA Capstone: Team Charter

Your instructor will review this information to approve your business idea. Our product is a neighborhood market dedicated to organic groceries, education of customers with regard to organic and CEO-friendly growing of food, and commitment to organic vendors. Our concept will solve the issue of companies claiming to be organic when they are truly not. Will educate the public with tips and tricks on how to get the best produce from within their own gardening as well. Our solution is unique because while we will also be selling local produce, we also want to strengthen the community to rely more heavily on their own supply as well.The intended target audience will include a small community of people who are parents, teachers, students and leaders wanting to help make better food choices for themselves and future generations. Coles (Community; Organic; Local; Environment) Market is a community market with a passion for providing organic produce and groceries in a modern environment. Uti lizing produce from only local earth-friendly farmers, our goal is to bring the freshest, healthiest food to our community with the highest regard for our ecological system.We strive to play a part in reducing the impact of our lifestyles on the world tit other species and future generations. We are fully devoted to continued education about organic farming, community health and education and environmental preservation. Ill. Team Management Plan This section defines how the team will allocate assignments and talents a) Team Leadership: One person will be named the team/project leader to provide overall leadership and continuity to the project.Your team leader will be: Karen Lothrop b) Deliverable Management: Each deliverable will be assigned a component Manager. In the case of larger teams, you may assign more than one person to a deliverable. In the case of smaller teams, the team lead may also have to take on the role of a component lead too. The level of effort required for compo nents will vary depending on your business idea. Review the business plan rubric to gain a sense of the amount of content required to help you balance your team's workload with your skills, interests, and your specific business idea.List your component managers in the table. Deliverable Due Date Manager Assigned Team Charter With Business Description Industry Analysis week 3 Deanna Miles Marketing Plan Wee k 4 Operations Plan week 5 Lakeside Williams/Karen Lothrop Financial Plan week 6 Presentation (Team) As scheduled Karen Lothrop/ Doddering Westbrook Final Plan (Team) week 8 c) Skills Inventory: Identify each team member's personal, professional, and academic strengths and weaknesses in the table.We will also keep in touch between calls by way of the Team B Discussion thread and through email. Agenda items will be sent through emails and posted in Doc Sharing. How will you keep track of different drafts (versions) of the same document? Documents will be shared via email and posted in Doc Sharing. Charlie Win will maintain master copies with revisions. Describe how your team will manage conflict. Potential Conflict Recommended Solution Member misses a meeting case by case. Member cannot be reached Multiple methods to be used include; email, text, phone. If no response, team to decide. Member does not complete work on time Member will be reported to professor and get unfavorable Peer Review.Member work is unsatisfactory Member drops the course Their work will be re-distributed among other members. Member has an unavoidable emergency that delays work Other team members will pick up the work to assist for valid emergencies. Otherwise, How will you resolve minor disagreements? Through vote of entire team. Who rules for major disagreements?team leader or majority rule? Majority rule. How will you use the Peer Review at the end of the course? What are the consequences of unsatisfactory performance? Peer Review to be favorable for all members that have participated and contributed. Unsatisfactory performance will et a vote of other members to include possible recommendation to Professor of reduction of individual's course grade. College is temporarily offline or class time is cancelled Communication will be maintained through alternate methods such as email, phone calls, etc. Other potential conflict Create a list of rules to help you collaborate as a team, including expectations about meetings, communication, course work, conflict resolution, and so on, based on other elements of this charter. All team members are expected to participate in meetings whenever possible (the Team understands scheduling conflicts will arise from time to time). All members are required to ‘carry their weight' and perform their allocated portions of the course work. Course work sections will be assigned based on each members' sign up for their areas of expertise/interest.Critical Success Factors Reason for Importance Steps Taken to Ensure Attainment Contracti ng with local organic growers and vendors To assure our store will be able to offer the type and variety of products that customers expect Contracting with numerous suppliers for each product line. Rotating purchasing among these vendors. Retail foot traffic generation To insure a consistent flow of customers Well planned and executed marketing and advertising campaigns. Community involvement to build our brand. VI'. Commitment Each team member is to write an individual commitment statement. If onsite, each team member will sign his or her commitment statement. Deanna Miles – My commitment to this group is to make sure we get the Job done and to get it right. I also commit to participate somehow in all group meetings. Lastly I will listen and be up for the ideas and concerns of my group members. Charles Win –

Summarize King’s Arguments

The purpose of this essay paper is to examine Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.’s Letter from a Birmingham Jail.   The paper will examine parts of King as a preacher as well as an advocate for Civil Rights.   His use of dictation and dialogue to the people will be a major point in this paper.   Not only will King’s writing present the inner teachings of King’s strive for equality among all people and the way in which humanity suffers but the predicament of racism during the Civil Right’s Movement will also be a major theme in this paper as it applies to King’s work. By indicating that he is a â€Å"fellow clergyman†, King tells the members of the local parishes that they should respect him. King calls the other clergymen â€Å"men of genuine good† and calls their intentions sincere. This is to set his argument as one of discourse, rather than an attack. King tells of his position to indicate his reasoning for being in Alabama. It is his duty to see that all Southern states are represented by the conference. The rationale behind the current War on Terror follows this motif. Between the negotiations and the demonstrations, King began a series of workshops on non-violence. Then he followed that by a Christmas season boycott of local stores.   â€Å"Justice too long delayed, is justice denied† is the most personally inspiring pathos King included here. This simple phrase sums the whole of the civil rights movement. A white moderate is a person of Caucasian descent who is â€Å"more concerned with order than justice.† King finds fault in their logic. He feels that they are deluded into believing that stability of society is safer than justice for all people. They believe that â€Å"the Negro should wait† for a better time to assert their rights. King also feels that â€Å"lukewarm acceptance is much more frustrating than outright rejection.† Another group that disappoints King is the white Christians who fail to support his efforts. King was disappointed that his non-violent efforts were seen as extremist actions. He also felt disappointed with is inability to motivate the white Christians to his cause. Because the modern manifestation of the Christian church had lost its sacrificial nature and its authenticity. The early days of the American Civil Rights movement were days of non-violent protests. The simple acts, such as the Montgomery Bus Boycott and the Freedom Marches, used large numbers of Black Americans in ways that affected the white establishment economically and morally to achieve change. However, as the movement went on, increasing numbers of Black Americans began to become disenfranchised with the non-violence, and almost placating nature of the movement under Martin Luther King Jr. and others. This feeling of powerlessness led to the formation of a more militant movement. The birth of the Black Panthers, and other Black Power organizations, came from frustration at the slowness of change seen through the non-violent protests as well as from the emerging black identity of strength, confidence and power. The other influence which created the Black Power movement was the understanding of many black American youth, that the deaths of African-Americans meant nothing to the American population as a whole. The deaths of many blacks, directly resulting from racial murders and revenge for Civil Rights protests, garnered next to no reaction from the public at large. In contrast, the deaths of white Americans, even if suspected to be by a black man, would create mass outrage. King was troubled by the clergy’s praising of the Birmingham Police for â€Å"keeping order†. However, with the dogs attacking the non-violent protestors, King felt that they should have instead commented on the â€Å"Negro sit-Inners†. This disproportionate standard nurtured a feeling that without strong leadership, and defense, the black man would lose the escalating war for civil liberties. While the motives and actions of the nationwide Student Non-violent Coordination Committee saw small victories throughout the country, its lack of firm power at local levels left many, especially non-student American blacks, without a cause to follow. The growing feeling of separation within the Civil Rights movement itself began to cause stratification within the movement. The emergence of SNCC leader, Stokely Carmichael, was the first major break within the SNCC. Carmichael, as described by Allen Matusow, was â€Å"[h]andsome, volatile, eloquent and fearless [and] became a magnet in the SNCC for the militant and proto-nationalists†. (Matusow 1984, 352) The rise of Carmichael was solidified, when in May of 1966, Carmichael and his adherents successfully took over the SNCC from its former, and far more docile leader John Lewis. This allowed for Carmichael to issue the call for all â€Å"black Americans to begin building independent political, economic and cultural institutions that will control and use as instruments of social chance in this country†. (Matusow 354) The many and diverse organizations that were created during the civil rights movement of the 1960’s, each, in their own ways, effected the outcome of that decade. Some of the organizations based their philosophies on empowerment, others on revenge, and still others on the legal advocacy of oppressed individuals. However, one group, in particular, was involved in the most trying and violent events of the movement – and maintained their stand for non-violent protest to effect change. The Southern Christian Leadership Conference was founded by Martin Luther King Jr. in 1957. The organization functioned as â€Å"as an umbrella organization of affiliates, rather than seeking individual membership†. (King Encyclopedia) This allowed the SCLC to gain influence in multiple states. King used the ability of the SCLC to enter the fray of Birmingham Alabama in 1963. The union of blacks churches throughout the Southern States, allowed for a strong base of support for King’s non-violent confrontation of the white establishment. Though his work would see him arrested, and many of his fellow protestors beaten, injured and even hospitalized, the basic ideal of the SCLC never wavered. During the height of the civil rights movement, the rise of the concept of Black Power – a more militant and empowered movement – began to take hold in many American cities. The direct assault on the established power of white America that the Black Panther Party promised influenced many young blacks to follow their ideology. This became a struggling point for the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, in that their strict adherence to the non-violent messages of Martin Luther King Jr. were increasingly being seen as weak. Also, the dependence that the SCLC had on the white churches of the South was also seen as a problem point for many in the movement. Despite the hurdles that the Southern Christian Leadership Conference was forced to confront, they ideology of King’s vision was maintained – even after his assassination. The death of King was a strong blow against the organization. The momentum that the group had gained under the guidance of Martin Luther King Jr. was stalled and the group nearly imploded. However, the words of King lived on through his death. In his final speech, the evening before his murder, King rallied the minds and emotions of his followers. The words of the speech, which came to be known as the â€Å"Promised Land† speech, spoke of his eventual death. Through his final words, King told his followers that the life of a man is meaningless without that man having lived up to his potential. The work of King, and the SCLC, continues to this day. And though, there are organizations which are more recognized, such as the NAACP, the Southern Christian Leadership Conference confronted the face of oppression directly, and without violent retaliation. The ability for the organization to achieve its goals, and see the world that King envisioned, allows them to be seen as the most effective of the era. WORK CITED King, Martin Luther. â€Å"Letter from a Birmingham Jail†. Estate of   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Martin Luther King Jr. April 16, 1963. â€Å"Southern Christian Leadership Conference: SCLC†. The King   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Encyclopedia. The King Center. Date of Access: March 30,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   2006.

Reasons Why I Avoid Social Networking Services - 996 Words

We all have been asked to either stop using a social network or to join a specific social network; like Facebook. We have these two authors; Alan Norton and Dan Fletcher, they give their reasons why we shouldn’t use social networks and why they don’t use them in their essays. Which are, respectively, â€Å"10 Reasons Why I Avoid Social Networking Services† and â€Å"How Facebook is Redefining Privacy.† In my opinion, it should be up to the reader what they decide to do on social network services. One should have the intelligence to know what is appropriate to post online and what you want others to know about one’s life. Today’s younger generation is consistently using social media and must be taught Internet etiquette. It is up to everyone what they wish to do with him or her time, privacy, and digital footprint. Dan Fletcher’s conclusion is that he wants us, the reader to stop using social networks. Mark Zuckerberg, the CEO of Facebook, invented Facebook in his dorm for Ivy League students to keep in touch. Fletcher makes an excellent metaphor comparing the employees for Zuckerberg, who work without cubicles or walls to Facebook’s profiles saying there’s no privacy. Fletcher focuses on Facebook’s privacy policies and how fast they have expanded and the money they have made. He says that Facebook is constantly changing their privacy policies, where he goes in details of all the changes they have done over the years. Zuckerberg’s idea for Facebook is for the world to be open andShow MoreRelatedAn Inside Look at 0nline Dating Essay1547 Words   |  7 PagesOnline Dating Online website allows individuals to contact and communicate with others through the Internet each. It follows the sociological principle of social networking. The quest of love has inspired people to invest in much thoughts and efforts in the process of building a romantic relationship. 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The Characteristics of List of Toefl Essay Topics

The Characteristics of List of Toefl Essay Topics To understand the most significant qualities of a society, one has to study its major cities. The majority of the questions are on current topics, therefore staying current with what's going on in the world will truly help you think of ideas. An individual will request that you compose your opinion on a wide topic, including whether it is much better to dwell in the nation or the city. As a conclusion, our group of skilled experts also provides a last verdict which will help you make a well-informed choice. For the Independent Writing task, you are going to get a question on a specific topic or issue. You're going to be expected to complete answers as you listen. Picking a topic is an essential issue that partly estimates final success of the job. In the end, make sure that the topic you select can be supported by some factual evidence. Some questions come before the text and might not need careful reading to reply. In the second part, you will be provided a card with a topic and a couple specific questions to tackle. You will find that a number of the topics can be adapted to suit almost any sort of writing assignment. In our website the topics are categorized based on their type. You may be requested to compose an essay about technology, education, media, family members, or another subject. There's a saying that books aren't the source of all learning. By writing each day, students will likewise be able to boost their accuracy of writing. Others believe that it is always preferable to have a teacher. Although the span of the topic will mostly depend on the duration of an essay you're going to write, it is is still sensible to choose one specific question and adhere to it in your work. In other sorts of essays, the content can fluctuate. On our site you will discover a lot more useful exceptional information that is certain to be handy for junior and higher school kids from, like common home task essay about Hamlet, in addition to, for instance, application essays for college for future students. Students that need over a list of good topics may hire professional academic writers online to acquire the maximum grade with no distinctive efforts. Opt for a prompt at random from above, or select a topic that you believe will be hard that you detach from (because you're going to want to write about this issue, instead of the argument) set timer to 50 minutes and compose the essay. Now, a lot of people don't know the best ways of tackling gre essay topics. It isn't very easy to compose a how-to essay. Put simply, the essay should say how you intend to get ready for class. The essays are broken up into two. At this time you must understand that writing a superior gre essay is dependent on the kind of topic you select, so you've got to consider certain things before you opt for a topic. What You Must Know About List of Toefl Essay Topics All necessary fields have to be filled out for us in order to process your form. Both tasks are extremely similar. Each section should have a minumum of one separate paragraph. The illustration of an outline is supplied below. Things You Won't Like About List of Toefl Essay Topics and Things You Will You could possibly be asked to finish an overview of the passage using words from the text. These topics may show up on your actual TOEFL. This list consists of 30 phrasal verbs that may be put to use as either neutral or formal words, and that means you can confidently utilize them in academic con texts like the TOEFL exam. This list of questions appears right on the TOEFL practice website and could show up on your true TOEFL writing test. Choosing List of Toefl Essay Topics Is Simple You might have to identify important info, compare and contrast distinctive figures or maybe describe a procedure. Critical judgment of work in any certain field has little value unless it comes from somebody who is a specialist in that area. The structure doesn't have to be somewhat different, though. To do so, you probably have to know the structure of each exam.

Marshall Isands And Atomic Bomb Essay - 1616 Words

When I ran my hand through my hair clumps of my hair would come out. Said the Marshall Island girl after the largest nuclear war head ever tested by the United States government was set off to the north of her. Bravo (the bombs code name) was 1,000 times more powerful then the atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima. The Marshallese Islanders environment, health, subsistence, family traditions, rituals, religious practices, and following generations were all greatly impaired from Bravo’s blast. The following discuses these effects as well as U.S. interpretations of exposed victims as opposed to unexposed victims. There are also comparisons to the victims of Hiroshima, Nagasaki, and the U.S. radioactive homeland. To understand why so much of†¦show more content†¦If a Marshallese lost his/her land it was the equal to suicide. From 1946-1958 67 radioactive bombs were tested on the northern Marshall Islands. During this time the islands environments were devastated, some of th e islands were completely vaporized. The bombs destroyed six coral islands, obliterated natural resources and contaminated all the islands with radiation (the northern islands are inhabitable to this day). The resources that the Marshallese were self-sufficient on like coconuts, pigs, fish, coconut crab, papaya, squash and arrowroot (staple crop) were ether destroyed or consisted of extremely high radiation levels. The U.S. government did a great environmental injustice for they viewed the Islanders as sub human. The subsistence of the Marshallese Islanders health plummeted. The U.S.’s Department of Energy (DOE) defined the people as two different categories â€Å"exposed† and â€Å"unexposed.† The exposed victims were those present during the 1954 Bravo blast. A U.S. agency named The Compact ran through the DOE determined who is exposed and needs assistance. The Compact did not find that the thousands of islanders who were relocated to the contaminated islands in 1958 by the U.S. to be considered â€Å"exposed.† These people would develop radiation illnesses of thyroid tumors, leukemia, cancer, reproductive problems, and genetic effects but weren’t entitled to any benefits. Instead the unexposed

Supply Chain Of UK Petroleum Retail Market Program - Myassignmenthelp.

Question: Discuss about the Implications of recent trends and changes within the supply chain of UK petroleum retail market Program of study? Answer: Introduction The various key policies include- using enhanced recovery from current and maturing oil and natural gas fields, promoting energy efficiency, decreasing the use of fossil fuels and thus reliance on imports, promoting energy trade cooperation withNorway, and decarbonizing the UK economy by investing heavily in renewable energy (Study of the UK petroleum retail market, 2012).In 2014, UK petroleum consumption accounted for almost 36%. UKs total petroleum production remained flat between 2013 and 2014, with a slight increase in production in the year 2015(Study of the UK petroleum retail market, 2012). The UK petroleum retail market has undergone a number of significant changes in the past few decades (CHORLEY, 2013). These changes include- the Petrol Filing Stations (PFS) have reduced by 75%, secondly hypermarket owned PFSs have shown growth much more than independent PFSs and company-owned PFSs, thirdly independent petroleum dealers are facing problems and pressures with their business models and this majorly due to the extensive competition from the hypermarkets, fourthly non-fuel sales are becoming increasingly important and high in demand, since it gives the big players and leaders a great market opportunity(CHORLEY, 2013). Also on the supply chain side, there have been certain changes and rationalization of distribution channels. The major oil companies in UK are resorting to outsourcing their road distribution operations (CHORLEY, 2013). The Department of Energy and Climate Change is responsible for UKs energy supplies and their reliability. The PFSs have played a significant role in understanding the overall security of supply of petroleum and other fuels in the country. There have been a number of developments in the UK petrol market since the 1970s, which include a decline in the number of PFSs, increase in the volume of road fuel, change in the mix of fuel consumed between petrol and diesel, and change in the ownership profile of PFSs. A recent survey and analysis of the UK petroleum market, 2015, shows us that the sell-off forecourts by the oil companies is changing the market scenario. Factors affecting the present size and structure of the current oil and gas retail sectors and the impact of the rising price of oil Recent trends have shown that the number of automobiles and vehicles on the road have increased, retail fuel volumes have also increased. But also there has been a change in the petrol vs. diesel volumes, where there is an increase in the diesel volumes. Also one of the major trends in the UK petrol market is the growth of technology, which also presents a great opportunity for UK petroleum retailers to connect better with the customers. The most important fuel brands in the UK petroleum retail market are- BP, Shell, Esso, Texaco, Esso- Nisa, Jet, Gulf, Morrisons, Sainsbury, and Harvest Energy. In 2012, companies like BP, Shell and Esso have faced a serious decline in the fuel outlets, and with fuel and petrol prices rising, the supermarket promotions are attracting more bikers to Tesco, Sainsbury, Asda and Morrison forecourts. Another recent trend in the UK petrol retail market is the growth of supermarkets which are accounting for a huge amount of sales. This has become a serious concern for independent retailers, who have reasons to worry seeing the current market trends, where the fuel duties re also increasing, which shall lead to a loss of re-fuelling facilities, which shall have a negative impact on the rural areas (Gribben, 2012) The fuel committees and organizations like RMI Petrol, are against the supermarkets selling petrol since it is having a negative impact on the petrol industry and market. Also the profit margins of the independent retailers has come down to 4p per litre, thus it is forcing them to keep a tight control of their stocks (Gribben, 2012). Thus falling profit margins and increase in fuel duties have increased the worries of the retailers. Oil companies are losing out on significant market share because of this major issue. Supply chain management The supply chain management of the UK capital intensive oil and gas industry requires careful considerations of trade-offs and risks. With the increase in fuel prices, it is having a direct impact on the supply chain management and logistics of the industry (PwC, n.d.). The UK logistics and supply chain management comprises of 5% of the countrys GDP (PwC, n.d.). There has been a considerable fragmentation in the fuel supply chain over the past few decades. There has been rationalization of storage terminals, outsourcing in the fuel distribution networks and some oil majors have stopped and exited from refining (PwC, n.d.). All this have had an impact on the supply chain management which is positive, but on the contrary it has reduced the spare capacity of the systems (PwC, n.d.). Key business drivers of the UK petroleum market The key business drivers of the UK petroleum market are divided into four major sections- consumer needs as a key business driver, relationship with suppliers, level of competition and environmental policies. The consumers are driven by two main factors here- convenience and price. They want to purchase fuels that are cheaper and also location wise if the PFSs are convenient they prefer that. Secondly the PFS supplies petrol and diesel from oil companies and independent suppliers(PwC, n.d.). There are various agreements which are made between the wholesalers and retailers, this contractual relationship points out the various points and rules which have to be adhered to. Some of these terms and agreements include- availability of suppliers, type of contract between the fuel owner and PFS owner, the logistics arrangement, payment terms and more. Thirdly the level of competition also plays an important part in the UK petroleum retail structure, the worth of hypermarkets have also led to serious competition. This has resulted in pressures on the various types of PFS owners. Also the hypermarkets are providing and using special marketing techniques by giving discounts to customers, special offers which the normal PFSs cannot provide. A high growth rate of the non-fuel sales is also one important business driver in the PFS market. Government policies and regulations have a major role to play here and they can be divided into- fiscal drivers environmental and safety regulations(Renshaw, 2015). The fiscal divers include the VAT rates, tax rates, duties, business rates and corporation taxes. Lastly the environmental factors are also very crucial to the growt h and development of the petroleum industry. Knowing the characteristics of petroleum, there are various environmental policies which have to be understood, especially in terms of biofuels and vapour recovery(Renshaw, 2015). The PFSs across UK are different in terms of various attributes like- size, fuel volumes, locations, access and extra services. The major business models of the UK fuel market include- hypermarket, company owned, independent retailers, high shop turnover business model, and low shop business turnover model. Conclusion Future of UK petroleum retail market The UK petroleum market has changed over the last few decades, the maximum rate of petroleum extraction has been achieved. It is being forecasted that the rate at which petroleum is being extracted can deplete the total rate of petroleum output. The UK petroleum refineries market is not in a good shape and the last five years have proved to be very detrimental for the industry as a whole. This is because of two important reasons- refining crude oil in the European region is a high-risk and low-reward business(Processengineering.co.uk, 2015). Thus it is not receiving ample investment opportunities for this industry. Also an important trend in UK, is a radical shift from petrol usage to diesel usage, and demand in Europe has fallen since 2008, and there has been a shift to cheaper crude, and lower energy costs. This has led to Europe being not very competitive globally in terms of petroleum export and import(Processengineering.co.uk, 2015). Another aspect of this problem is the environmental burden which the UK government has imposed on the businesses. Now the point here is that no businesses would want to incur operational costs in maintaining the business according to the regulations, but not incur any profits(Processengineering.co.uk, 2015). There has to be some return on investments so that businesses can think of running. Now if this scenario continues to persist then the country and industry will be highly dependent on other refineries and oil industries for the petroleum and other fuels, this shall increase the import burden of the nation(Processengineering.co.uk, 2015). It is important that the country is self-reliant on manufacturing and selling the fuels. Now it is in the hands of the governments and policy makers to ensure that when an industry is facing competition globally, it needs to exempt some of its rules and regulations. Now we know that the petroleum and fuels industry play a very important role in the growth and development of a nation, thus from a strategic point of view restoring the industry is important. The future of the UK petroleum market has to face a number of challenges as well and seeing the global climatic conditions, it can be said that the industries cannot formulate policies independently, they have to consider the governmental policies and global rules which apply to the fuels industry and petroleum market. The UK petroleum market is a dynamic one and the oil market has faced various changes since the 1990s (Greenman Fryer 1990, p. 316). There exists, within the petrol market, not just the oil companies but the hypermarket retailers who are overtaking the market. The future vision of the UK petroleum market can improve with the right intervention and strong governmental policies which will give the independent retailers and PFSs their due competitive profit margins. The UK downstream oil sector consists of almost 200 companies who are engaged in the refining, supply chain, distribution and marketing of petroleum products across the country. They are members of the UKPIA (United Kingdom Petroleum Industry Association), along with important hyper and super market retailers, independent retailers and commercial sites. In 2015, the consumption and demand levels of petroleum have been on an increase, and there were two important drivers which accelerated this- great economic growth and reduced oil prices(Kemp, 2015). In the first half of 2015, the consumption of petroleum products rose by 1.6%, according to the reports of the UK Department of Energy and Climate Change(Kemp, 2015). A positive change in the UK petroleum industry is that since the third quarter of 2014, the consumption levels have grown(Kemp, 2015). There was a time in 2005, when the petrol consumption levels in Britain reached its peak, and then with the great recession of 2008, it sharply fell down, leading to a sharp increase in the oil prices(Kemp, 2015). The years between 2010 and 2014 were the recovery years, and the retail petroleum market tried to recover, but saw a series of failures with petrol pumps closing down and demand going down due to the rise in oil prices. Also it is imperative to mention here that there has been a major shift in consumption from petrol and gasoline to diesel fuels (Kemp, 2015). But even though there has been an increase in the petroleum consumption levels, but it is just the beginning, since for the prior nine years the UK petroleum retail market has seen a decline in the consumption levels. Thus it is important that the governments and policy makers analyse the present scenario, competition, laws related to the petroleum market, the need for a revised fuel policy and deep understanding of the global economic fuel demands. References CHORLEY, M. (2013).How 75% of petrol stations have closed in 40 years forcing drivers to travel further and pay more to fill up tanks. [online] Mail Online. Available at: https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2264588/75-petrol-stations-40-years-forcing-drivers-travel-pay-tanks.html [Accessed 21 Mar. 2016]. Gribben, R. (2012).Supermarkets now sell almost half of all petrol sold in UK. [online] Telegraph.co.uk. Available at: https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/newsbysector/retailandconsumer/9207714/Supermarkets-now-sell-almost-half-of-all-petrol-sold-in-UK.html [Accessed 21 Mar. 2016]. Petroleum.co.uk. (n.d.).Petroleum - The Future of Petroleum. [online] Available at: https://www.petroleum.co.uk/the-future-of-petroleum [Accessed 21 Mar. 2016]. Processengineering.co.uk. (2015).Refined Capacity: the future of UK refineries | Process Engineering. [online] Available at: https://processengineering.co.uk/article/2019675/refined-capacity [Accessed 21 Mar. 2016]. PwC. (n.d.).Logistics Posts. [online] Available at: https://www.pwc.co.uk/industries/transport-logistics/transport-and-logistics-logistics-posts.html [Accessed 21 Mar. 2016]. Renshaw, A. (2015).Dealers taking over. 1st ed. [ebook] UK: Fuel market review, p.11. Available at: https://forecourttrader.co.uk/files/Fuel_Market_Review/Fuel_Market_Review_2015.pdf [Accessed 21 Mar. 2016]. Study of the UK petroleum retail market. (2012). 1st ed. [ebook] UK: Deloitte, p.93. Available at: https://www.ukpia.com/docs/default-source/download/UK_Petroleum_Retail_Market_Study_Final_Report_v3_STC.pdf?sfvrsn=0 [Accessed 21 Mar. 2016]. Greenman, J Fryer, M 1990,' Estimating the Oil Reserve Base in the UK Continental Shelf', The Journal of the Operational Research Society, vol. 41, no. 8, pp. 725-733. Retrieved on March 21st 2016 from: https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/2583477.pdf

Waist-to-Hip Ratio Essay Example

Waist-to-Hip Ratio Paper It can be seen that the relationship is linear between the WHR, i. e. the lower the WHR value the more attractive the image is considered to be. Whereas, the BMI the data is not linearly related and that the lower the BMI score the image seems to be unattractive and the higher the BMI score the image is also considered to be unattractive. As the BMI is not linearly related a quadratic formula had to be used in order to better predict the rating. Therefore the residuals had to be analysed in order to justify this. Graphs 5 and 6 show the distribution of the residuals for the attractiveness rating and the relationship of them with the fitted values, respectively. The residuals were distributed normally and the relationship seemed linear, but seemed to have a high variance. Similarly with the residuals of WHR (graphs 7 and 8), residuals were normally distributed and an approximate linear relationship with the fitted values. However, the residuals for the BMI, although normally distributed (graph 9), did not have a linear relationship with their fitted values (graph 10). So a quadratic formula was used which resulted in a much smoother parabola (graph 11) showing the same relationship from graph 3 but more clearly. As all the residuals were approximately normally distributed regression analysis was valid and applied (table 1) using the quadratic (BMI2) as one of the predictors. This resulted in only just under 30% (R-sq = 29. 0%) of the variance being explained by the three predictors. This was probably due to other contributing factors that were not taken into account during the experiment such as the gender of the subjects, cultural differences e. t. c. We will write a custom essay sample on Waist-to-Hip Ratio specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Waist-to-Hip Ratio specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Waist-to-Hip Ratio specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer An analysis of the variance was applied and resulted in a very highly significant variance ratio (874. 55) suggesting that both the BMI and WHR were significant contributing factors. The first table of best subsets (table 3) shows that the WHR is the more influential of the two factors. However, only 29% of the variance has been explained and this is not much, so could be inaccurate. So, a cubic formula was tried and this resulted in a more accurate regression equation (table 4) and a greater proportion of the variance was explained (46. 4%). The best subsets (table 6) showed that the BMI was the best contributing factor with the WHR second. The analysis of variance (table 5) confirmed that the significance of the two factors in predicting the attractiveness rating had increased (variance ratio = 1390. 05). The same test was done to discover if using a formula with the power 4 would make a more accurate predictor. This was true and R-sq = 48. 8%, so the accuracy was beginning to plateau off at around 50%. The best subsets of the power four attempted, however was impossible to compute as the correlation was too high. Using firstly, the quadratic allowed a relationship between the three values WHR, BMI and attractiveness to be formulated and plotted against one another (graph 12). This shows that the relationship between the BMI and the attractiveness is always curved, however, the height and elevation of the curve always depends upon the WHR. The values are greatest for attractiveness where WHR is high and the BMI is in the middle of the range. This contradicts graph 4 where the lower the WHR the more attractive the image is considered to be. However, graph 4 only takes into account the influence of WHR alone, not the joint influence of both factors together like graph 12. Greater information could be been obtained if the subjects were asked their gender before rating the images. This would have allowed insight into whether males perception of attractiveness if different to that of womens. Also the age of the subjects could have been varied to see if the age of the individual has an affect on their perception of attractiveness. This has been researched by Fallon and Rozin (1989, cited in Singh 1994) as womens perception is thinner than that of mens ideal. This also works the opposite way, as the age and gender of the images could have been varied to see if either one has an effect upon attractiveness. Cultural differences both of the subject and of the image should be investigated. If the culture of the subject influences their perception, or if, for example, the colour of the person in the image matters to the subject. Are coloured people considered to be less, more or indifferent in their attractiveness to other different coloured people? Also, geographical differences, whether the ideal image of attractiveness varies between the populations of different countries. Yu and Shepard (1998, cited in Tovee Cornelissen 1999) have investigated this and among their findings concluded that Americans prefer higher WHRs to the English. Possibly a more important and more interesting factor could be eating disorders and the effect that they have upon the individuals perception of attractiveness. With the medias representation and obsession with supermodels there has been a steady increase of eating disorders among the population. This rise was predicted by the studies of Agras (1987 cited in Morris et al 1989) when the change in the body shape of women began to appear in fashion magazines. To conclude at first the WHR seemed to be the more important contributing factor (table 3) however, when using a cubic and the power of 4 the accuracy began to increase and it became apparent that the BMI was quite considerably the more influential of the two factors (BMI = 11. 3% and WHR = 9. 8%). This is supported by other research; however, there are many other contributing factors such as, age, culture and eating disorders, which need further investigation. References Morris, A. et al (1989). The changing shape of female fashion Models. Journal of Eating Disorders. 8: 593-596. Singh, D. (1994) Ideal female Body Shape: The role of body weight and Waist-to-Hip Ratio. Journal of Eating Disorders 16:283-288. Singh, D. (1994) Is thin really beautiful and good? Relationship between Waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) and female attractiveness. Personal and Individual Differences 16: 123-132 Tovee, M. J. Cornelissen, P. L (1999). The mystery of Female beauty Journal of Nature 399, 215-216